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Aylmer Maude (28 March 1858 – 25 August 1938) and Louise Maude (1855–1939) were English translators of Tolstoy's works, and Aylmer Maude also wrote his friend Tolstoy's biography. After living many years in Russia the Maudes spent the rest of their life in England translating Tolstoy's writing and promoting public interest in his work. Aylmer Maude was also involved in a number of early 20th century progressive and idealistic causes. ==Family & Russia== Aylmer Maude was born in Ipswich, the son of a Church of England clergyman, Reverend F.H. Maude,〔Francis Henry Maude born Cape of Good Hope 1822, died Aldeburgh, Suffolk 1886, long-time vicar at Holy Trinity Church, Ipswich〕 and his wife Lucy, who came from a Quaker background.〔Lucy Thorp married F.H.Maude in 1846 in Lancashire〕 The family lived near the newly built Holy Trinity Church where Rev. Maude's preaching helped draw a large congregation. A few of the vicar's earlier sermons were published with stirring titles like ''Nineveh: A Warning to England!'', but later he moved from Evangelical Anglicanism towards the Anglo-Catholic Church Union. After boarding at Christ's Hospital from 1868 to 1874, Aylmer went to study at the Moscow Lyceum from 1874 to 1876, and was a tutor there between 1877 and 1880. Meanwhile he got to know the thriving British community in Moscow, was involved in their amateur dramatics and debating, and played a great deal of chess. One of his chess partners, Archibald Mirrielees, employed him to manage the carpet department at the Scots-owned department store, Muir & Mirrielees. This led to Maude's becoming business manager and then director of the Anglo-Russian Carpet Company. Despite this position he "rejected the business ethos" of his British compatriots, took a thoughtful interest in Russian society, and has been described as the only "important intermediary between the two cultures" at that time.〔Pitcher〕 Louise Maude was born Louise Shanks in Moscow, one of the eight children of James Steuart Shanks,〔Born c1824, sometimes referred to as (James Stewart Shanks )〕 was the founder and director of ''Shanks & Bolin, Magasin Anglais'' (English store). Two of Louise's sisters were artists: Mary 〔Mary Shanks, Maria Yakovlevna Shanks or Шанкс Мария Яковлевна born c1870 and mentioned in (Tolstoy’s letters )〕 knew Tolstoy and prepared illustrations for ''Where Love is, God is'', and Emily was a painter and the first woman to become a full member of the Peredvizhniki. Louise married Aylmer Maude in 1884 in an Anglican ceremony at the British vice-consulate in Moscow, and they had five sons, one of them still-born. Aylmer Maude met Tolstoy in 1888, introduced to him by Peter Alekseyev,〔(Peter Semenovich Alekseyev 1849–1913 ), a (Russian temperance campaigner )〕 a doctor married to Maude's sister Lucy.〔Lucy Maude, born 1854 Ipswich, married 1878 London〕 Maude was a frequent visitor, an admirer and friend, playing tennis and chess, enjoying long discussions, but not always agreeing with the great writer 30 years his senior. Tolstoy made return visits, getting to know Louise and the family, even showing the boys how to make "paper cockerels."〔''Recollections of Tolstoy'' quoted in DNB and Pitcher〕 After the Maudes settled in England, Tolstoy and Aylmer Maude kept up a regular correspondence, with Maude making occasional trips to Russia to see Tolstoy at his Yasnaya Polyana estate. During his 1902 visit Tolstoy authorized Maude to write his biography. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aylmer and Louise Maude」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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